Programme and strategic management - exam questions Essay

Programme and strategic management - exam questions - Essay Example In short, customization of methodologies is necessary for the successful completion of projects. The usage of appropriate methodology would help the project manager to complete the projects in time. Moreover, it helps the project manager to reduce unnecessary costs and increase the profit earned from the project. Delay in the completion of the project would cause big loss to the company since the raw material prices may go up as time goes on. Proper methodologies would help the project manager to complete the project within the allocated budget. One of the major disadvantages of project management methodologies is the lack of innovation in methodologies. In other words, while sticking with a particular methodology, project managers may not get opportunities to explore new ways of completing the project in a more efficient manner. There are different types of project management methodologies. Waterfall is one of the most commonly used project management methodologies across the world. It employs a sequential, top-down approach to project management. â€Å"It assumes that a project is finite with a definite beginning and end; that projects need to be managed to be successful; and that the events affecting the project are predictable. In addition, with this traditional methodology, once a phase is finished it is thought that it will not be revisited† (Mitchell 23) Q1 The following was the defined mission statement for the ODA â€Å"To deliver venues, facilities, infrastructure and transport on time for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games that are fit-for-purpose and in a way that maximises the delivery of a sustainable legacy within the available budget†. Discuss using Suitable academic theory and information from the Olympic document, how this mission statement was then used to define the programme and project objectives. From the above illustration, it is

The Problem of Water in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Problem of Water in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay The promised land is primarily an arid land: Israel has very scarce water resources to ensure its survival. The water issue is a central part of the relationship that Israel maintains with its neighbors. The Middle East is a geographical area that is experiencing what experts have called a state of water stress, that is to say, a structural imbalance between a limited water capital and a consumption in strong growth given its population and pace of economic development. One cannot validly address the water battle in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and more broadly in the context of the crisis in the Middle East, without adressing the effect of a set of epiphenomena guaranteeing peace or war. The water issue has taken a clear geopolitical character in relations between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Tensions have their origin in the large disparity in consumption between the two communities that share the same sources of water. Water is a crucial dimension in the conflict between Israel and Palestine. In this region the semi desert climate, where rainfall is absent from April to September with temperatures during the period between 30Â °C and 50Â °C. The issue of water is a critical dimension in the peace process. The water control is what makes the viability and economic power of the Hebrew state. It quickly became the cornerstone of the Zionist strategy from the early twentieth century. One may wonder then what role does water occupy in the culture and religion of the State of Israel. How and to what extent this natural element, is an important cultural and religious symbol in the country’s politics? How could the Hebrew State accept to share more equitably an already scarce resource? From the early twentieth century, Zionist leaders were already aware of the crucial importance of water in a hypothetical state of Israel well before its inception. Chaim Weizman, who became the first president of the Jewish state, imagined in 1919 to include the Litani River, an affluent of the Jordan river within Israeli borders. The border will eventually be established a few kilometers further south, leaving control of the strategic point to Lebanon. In 1953, the young state of Israel embarked on the construction of a huge pipeline from the north of the Sea of Galilee to the Negev desert. But Syria immediately intervenes and prevents it by using canons. The construction site will start over safely in the south. After the Six Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the West Bank and the Syrian part of the Golan, two strategic objectives for the water supply. The Golan Heights is a natural water reservoir that feeds the lake of Tiberias. Afraid that Syria would divert the rivers that descend into its own territory away from Israel, the Hebrew State has refused to cede the Golan to Syria. It is a fact that for the past 65 years, the Jewish state uses much of the groundwater flowing in its territory. Two-thirds of Israels water needs are provided by the groundwater of the West Bank, which are more exposed to pollution and overfishing. The depletion, combined with the arrival of new migrants, only accentuates the problem. The water potential of the West Bank consists of the surface water of the Jordan River and a few small streamsplus its groundwater regularly regenerated by the rains. Water availability is of great concern for Israel and the Occupied Territories, as it is well below the threshold of 500 cubic meters per year per capita. Withdrawals exceed the availables resources, and there is an overexploitation of groundwaters. Indeed, the groundwaters that benefit from an easy and inexpensive access are often overused, and they may experience significant drawdowns. This causes salinization. When they are in coastal position there is an intrusion of sea water. Operators then only pump salt or brackish water into the shallowest wells. This phenomenon is known in Gaza, Palestine, where the water table is gradually becoming unfit for human consumption. In this alarming context, Israel exploits most of the water leaving the Palestinians to settle for the bare minimum. The greater part of Israel resources was obtained after the creation of Israel in 1948, with the occupation of territories and the appropriating of all supply sources in the region. The occupation of the different territories called occupied is hydro-strategic, as it was of course, a territorial extension, but no matter which one it allowed for an increase in control over water resources in the region. The hydro-strategy can be defined as the art of maneuvering forces to accomplish politics in terms of hydraulic considerations. Israel controls all the water system in the occupied territories of Palestine. It has organized a deliberate unequal sharing of water resources: Israel diverts 75% of water resources from the occupied territories, leaving only 25% to the Palestinians. The average water consumption per capita of an Israeli is 5 times greater than that of a Palestinian. Besides water rationing, the Palestinians are victims of destruction of wells, water pipe and sanitation by the Israeli army. Israel has continued to establish Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. It is a way to be closer to the water reserves, or by diverting them to their advantage. Overexploited wells in Gaza makes water unfit for domestic consumption. Water quotas imposed by Israel make development impossible in the occupied territories endangering the survival of the Palestinians and causes serious health problems. The 26th mission of protection of the Palestinian people, in July 2002 has revealed the destruction of wells, sanitation and water pipes in the Gaza Strip and the Rafah area. Today, two thirds of Israels water needs are provided by resources from outside the 1948 borders: about one third comes from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and one third comes from the Sea of Galilee and the Yarmuk. 5% of the water of the occupied territories is consumed by Israel and its colonies. The population ratio between Israel and the Territories is 2 to 1 and the consumption of water is 11 to 1. Future discussions with the Palestinians will be difficult: they claim 80% of the resources of the West Bank. This would mean a 20% reduction of resources currently available for Israel. The issue of water is of utmost importance in an eventual peace settlement. On the other hand, Israel does not seem to concede some of the resources, and therefore Israel does not enforce many regulations despite their protest. Ignoring the Geneva Conventions, the Israeli government applies to the Occupied Territories a law dating from 1959 making water public property under the control of the state. Indeed, just after the occupation, control of water was given to the military authority which forbade any new water-related infrastructure construction. It then grabbed all water resources in Palestine declaring state ownership. In 1982, the Israeli water company, Mekorot, took control of the Palestinian water resources. Palestinian wells are destroyed and water resources are drained by drilling large-scale samples from deep wells for Israeli use only. Military legislation is introduced and colonization means the strategic maintenance of water resources in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, without which Israel can not grow or survive. Therefore we understand how the control of water and land, inseparable pair, leads the Zionist strategy. Israeli agricultural policy is the very expression of the Zionist ideal of flourishing the desert. Exports are also a way to show to the world that Israel lacks nothing in terms of quality of life, it is bound to be a great ountry, and the immigration of Jews to Israel, considered as a safe haven, may still continue. This is the reason why no Israeli politician can give up on the blue gold of the Occupied Territories. Israel sees as a casus belli any attempt to appropriate water resources by neighboring countries. This is the case for example of Syria which covets a part of Jordan. Today the Gaza Strip returned to the Palestinians is an area that has experienced excessive pumping so that its remai ning water is unfit for consumption (pollution, salinization ). The groundwaters sources take decades to recover. The long-term prospects are alarming because the region lacks water and miss more because resources are limited and demand will only increase, given the high population growth on both sides. The World Bank predicts that by 2040 the demand for Israel, the Occupied Territories and Jordan could rise to 7 billion cubic meters. As of 1994 the Israeli water consumption was 2 billion cubic meters per year. However the local ressources can in theory only ensure 1. 5 billion cubic meters. Clearly the resources of the Jordan River Basin are inadequate. Therefore the solution could be by regional water transfers, hence the interest in Lebanese Litany river, or the costly use of unconventional resources: desalination of sea water, wastewater recycling, etc. However, financial resources are unequal and the Palestinians will not be able to afford to take on these costs. Thus, the prospect of regional cooperation could be a difficult solution to implement, but achievable because this water so rare and valuable will also be greatly missed by Israel if the overexploitation are maintained at this rate.

transistorized paper :: essays research papers

Transistorized   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Transistor became a big hit in the 1940s, which was the main component in the Transistor radio. Everybody wished they owned one, and all the scientists wished they knew how to make one to use for there own profit. John Bardeen, Bill Shockley, and Walter Brittian were three main scientists in the creation of the Transistor. Bill Shockley was born in California, he was an excellent man for thesis’s but could not figure out how to form or create one on his own. Walter Brittian on the other hand was a great scientist that could make basically anything he set his mind too. In 1907 AT&T was losing money because they had nothing big new and exciting to put out on the market to get more customers. They got an idea for an object that could connect people from long distances. The Vacuum Tube was then created for that sole purpose. AT&T knew that the Vacuum Tube wouldn’t make them much money because they could be taken apart and rebuilt by anybody. They the n got the idea to try and invent something else that would be new and exciting to bring in the money. This is when they called upon Bill Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brittian. These three scientists were put to the test to build something innovative. In 1905 Bill Shockley came up with an idea. The scientists worked on this for a while until they figured out that it wouldn’t work so they went back to the brainstorming phase. But Bill Shockley would not let it go so he went back through his notes, and found out that they did not have the right materials to make his idea work. Everyday they worked on his idea and the different materials needed to make it work. In December of 1947 the team came very close to perfecting their invention but there was a problem with the fluids. Shockley went on a break one day but Walter and John stayed back to work. Walter then discovered what the problem was so he worked on fixing it. When he finished with his improvements he tested the inve ntion and it worked. Walter Brittian had then created the first transistor ever. They told Shockley about what they did and how it worked now. Bill was mad because he wanted to either be there when it happened or wanted to figure out what the problem was on his own.

Automobile Scenario of India Essay

The Automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 17. 5 million vehicles (including 2 wheeled and 4 wheeled) and exports about 2. 33 million every year. It is the world’s second largest manufacturer of motorcycles, with annual sales exceeding 8. 5 million in 2009. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3. 7 million units in 2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12 In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 3. 7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33. 9%), making the country the second fastest growing automobile market in the world. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual car sales are projected to increase up to 5 million vehicles by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation’s roads. The dominant products of the industry are two wheelers with a market share of over 75% and passenger cars with a market share of about 16%. Commercial vehicles and three wheelers share about 9% of the market between them. About 91% of the vehicles sold are used by households and only about 9% for commercial purposes. The industry has attained a turnover of more than USD 35 billion and provides direct and indirect employment to over 13 million people. The supply chain of this industry in India is very similar to the supply chain of the automotive industry in Europe and America. This may present its own set of opportunities and threats. The orders of the industry arise from the bottom of the supply chain i. e. , from the consumers and go through the automakers and climbs up until the third tier suppliers. However the products, as channeled in every traditional automotive industry, flow from the top of the supply chain to reach the consumers. Interestingly, the level of trade exports in this sector in India has been medium and imports have been low. However, this is rapidly changing and both exports and imports are increasing. The demand determinants of the industry are factors like affordability, product innovation, infrastructure and price of fuel. Also, the basis of competition in the sector is high and increasing, and its life cycle stage is growth. With a rapidly growing middle class, all the advantages of this sector in India are yet to be leveraged. Note that, with a high cost of developing production facilities, limited accessibility to new technology and soaring competition, the barriers to enter the Indian Automotive sector are high. On the other hand, India has a well-developed tax structure. The power to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of Government. The cost structure of the industry is fairly traditional, but the profitability of motor vehicle manufacturers has been rising over the past five years. Major players, like Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki have material cost of about 80% but are recording profits after tax of about 6% to 11%. The level of technology change in the Motor vehicle Industry has been high but, the rate of change in technology has been medium. Investment in the technology by the producers has been high. System-suppliers of integrated components and sub-systems have become the order of the day. However, further investment in new technologies will help the industry be more competitive. Over the past few years, the industry has been volatile. Currently, India’s increasing per capita disposable income which is expected to rise by 106% by 2015 and growth in exports is playing a major role in the rise and competitiveness of the industry. Tata Motors is leading the commercial vehicle segment with a market share of about 64%. Maruti Suzuki is leading the passenger vehicle segment with a market share of 46%. [18] Hyundai Motor India and Mahindra and Mahindra are focusing expanding their footprint in the overseas market. Hero Honda Motors is occupying over 41% and sharing 26%[18] of the two wheeler market in India with Bajaj Auto. Bajaj Auto in itself is occupying about 58% of the three wheeler market. Consumers are very important of the survival of the Motor Vehicle manufacturing industry. In 2008-09, customer sentiment dropped, which burned on the augmentation in demand of cars. Steel is the major input used by manufacturers and the rise in price of steel is putting a cost pressure on manufacturers and cost is getting transferred to the end consumer. The price of oil and petrol affect the driving habits of consumers and the type of car they buy. The key to success in the industry is to improve labour productivity, labour flexibility, and capital efficiency. Having quality manpower, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability also play a major role. Access to latest and most efficient technology and techniques will bring competitive advantage to the major players. Utilising manufacturing plants to optimum level and understanding implications from the government policies are the essentials in the Automotive Industry of India. Both, Industry and Indian Government are obligated to intervene the Indian Automotive industry. The Indian government should facilitate infrastructure creation, create favourable and predictable business environment, attract investment and promote research and development. The role of Industry will primarily be in designing and manufacturing products of world-class quality establishing cost competitiveness and improving productivity in labour and in capital. With a combined effort, the Indian Automotive industry will emerge as the destination of choice in the world for design and manufacturing of automobiles. History The first car ran on India’s roads in 1897. Until the 1930s, cars were imported directly, but in very small numbers. Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two brothers as a trading company in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A utility vehicles under license from Willys The Company soon branched out into the manufacture of light commercial vehicles (LCVs) and agricultural tractors. Following the independence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalisation and the license raj which hampered the Indian private sector. After 1970, the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a major luxury. Japanese manufacturers entered the Indian market ultimately leading to the establishment of Maruti Udyog. A number of foreign firms initiated joint ventures with Indian companies. In the 1980s, a number of Japanese manufacturers launched joint-ventures for building motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles. It was at this time that the Indian government chose Suzuki for its joint-venture to manufacture small cars. Following the economic liberalisation in 1991 and the gradual weakening of the license raj, a number of Indian and multi-national car companies launched operations. Since then, automotive component and automobile manufacturing growth has accelerated to meet domestic and export demands. [21] Following economic liberalization in India in 1991, the Indian automotive industry has demonstrated sustained growth as a result of increased competitiveness and relaxed restrictions. Several Indian automobile manufacturers such as Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, expanded their domestic and international operations. India’s robust economic growth led to the further expansion of its domestic automobile market which has attracted significant India-specific investment by multinational automobile manufacturers. [22] In February 2009, monthly sales of passenger cars in India exceeded 100,000 units[23] and has since grown rapidly to a record monthly high of 182,992 units in October 2009. [24] Objectives of study: Since the Auto Component industry is growing substantially, it is very important to know and identify how the industry is growing and creating its own place in the industrial sector helping the economy to grow. So the objectives of the study are: 1. To understand and analyse the current status of Indian Automobile Industry. 2. To Analyse the trends in the automobile industry in India. 3. To study the growth potential and challenges faced by automobile industry in India. Market and its Growth. The automotive industry of India is categorized into passenger cars, two wheelers, commercial vehicles and three wheelers, with two wheelers dominating the market. More than 75% of the vehicles sold are two wheelers. Nearly 59% of these two wheelers sold were motorcycles and about 12% were scooters. Mopeds occupy a small portion in the two wheeler market however; electric two wheelers are yet to penetrate. The passenger vehicles are further categorized into passenger cars, utility vehicles and multi-purpose vehicles. All sedan, hatchback, station wagon and sports cars fall under passenger cars. Tata Nano, is the world’s cheapest passenger car, manufactured by Tata Motors – a leading automaker of India. Multi-purpose vehicles or people-carriers are similar in shape to a van and are taller than a sedan, hatchback or a station wagon, and are designed for maximum interior room. Utility vehicles are designed for specific tasks. The passenger vehicles manufacturing account for about 15% of the market in India. Commercial vehicles are categorized into heavy, medium and light. They account for about 5% of the market. Three wheelers are categorized into passenger carriers and goods carriers. Three wheelers account for about 4% of the market in India. Domestic Market Share for 2010-11(%)| Passenger Vehicles| 16. 25| Commercial Vehicles| 4. 36| Three Wheelers| 3. 39| Two Wheelers| 76. 00| Source: Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturing (SIAM) GROSS TURNOVER OF THE AUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY IN INDIA| Year| (IN USD MILLION)| 2004-05| 20,896| 2005-06| 27,011| 2006-07| 34,285| 2007-08| 36,612| 2008-09| 38,238| The production of automobiles has greatly increased in the last decade. Automobile Production. Automobile Production Trends (Number of Vehicles)| Category| 2004-05| 2005-06| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| Passenger Vehicles| 1,209,876| 1,309,300| 1,545,223| 1,777,583| 1,838,593| 2,357,411 | 2,987,296 | Commercial Vehicles| 353,703| 391,083| 519,982| 549,006| 416,870| 567,556 | 752,735 | Three Wheelers| 374,445| 434,423| 556,126| 500,660| 497,020| 619,194 | 799,553 | Two Wheelers| 6,529,829| 7,608,697| 8,466,666| 8,026,681| 8,419,792| 10,512,903 | 13,376,451 | Grand Total| 8,467,853| 9,743,503| 11,087,997| 10,853,930| 11,172,275| 14,057,064 | 17,916,035 | Automobile Sales. Automobile Domestic Sales Trends(Number of Vehicles)| Category| 2004-05| 2005-06| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| Passenger Vehicles| 1,061,572| 1,143,076| 1,379,979| 1,549,882| 1,552,703| 1,951,333 | 2,520,421 | Commercial Vehicles| 318,430| 351,041| 467,765| 490,494| 384,194| 532,721 | 676,408 | Three Wheelers| 307,862| 359,920| 403,910| 364,781| 349,727| 440,392 | 526,022 | Two Wheelers| 6,209,765| 7,052,391| 7,872,334| 7,249,278| 7,437,619| 9,370,951 | 11,790,305 | Grand Total| 7,897,629| 8,906,428| 10,123,988| 9,654,435| 9,724,243| 12,295,397 | 15,513,156 |. Automobile Exports Automobile Exports Trends(Number of Vehicles)| Category| 2004-05| 2005-06| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| Passenger Vehicles| 166,402| 175,572| 198,452| 218,401| 335,729| 446,145 | 453,479 | Commercial Vehicles| 29,940| 40,600| 49,537| 58,994| 42,625| 45,009 | 76,297 | Three Wheelers| 66,795| 76,881| 143,896| 141,225| 148,066| 173,214 | 269,967 | Two Wheelers| 366,407| 513,169| 619,644| 819,713| 1,004,174| 1,140,058 | 1,539,590 | Grand Total| 629,544| 806,222| 1,011,529| 1,238,333| 1,530,594| 1,804,426 | 2,339,333 | Supply Chain of Automobile Industry. The supply chain of automotive industry in India is very similar to the supply chain of the automotive industry in Europe and America. The orders of the industry arise from the bottom of the supply chain i. e. , from the consumers and go through the automakers and climbs up until the third tier suppliers. However the products, as channelled in every traditional automotive industry, flow from the top of the supply chain to reach the consumers. Automakers in India are the key to the supply chain and are responsible for the products and innovation in the industry. The description and the role of each of the contributors to the supply chain are discussed below. Third Tier Suppliers: These companies provide basic products like rubber, glass, steel, plastic and aluminium to the second tier suppliers. Second Tier Suppliers: These companies design vehicle systems or bodies for First Tier Suppliers and OEMs( Original Equipment Manufacturers). They work on designs provided by the first tier suppliers or OEMs. They also provide engineering resources for detailed designs. Some of their services may include welding, fabrication, shearing, bending etc. First Tier Suppliers: These companies provide major systems directly to assemblers. These companies have global coverage, in order to follow their customers to various locations around the world. They design and innovate in order to provide â€Å"black-box† solutions for the requirements of their customers. Black-box solutions are solutions created by suppliers using their own technology to meet the performance and interface requirements set by assemblers. First tier suppliers are responsible not only for the assembly of parts into complete units like dashboard, breaks-axel-suspension, seats, or cockpit but also for the management of second-tier suppliers. Automakers/Vehicle Manufacturers/Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): After researching consumers’ wants and needs, automakers begin designing models which are tailored to consumers’ demands. The design process normally takes five years. These companies have manufacturing units where engines are manufactured and parts supplied by first tier suppliers and second tier suppliers are assembled. Automakers are the key to the supply chain of the automotive industry. Examples of these companies are Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Toyota, and Honda. Innovation, design capability and branding are the main focus of these companies. Dealers: Once the vehicles are ready they are shipped to the regional branch and from there, to the authorised dealers of the companies. The dealers then sell the vehicles to the end customers. Parts and Accessory: These companies provide products like tires, windshields, and air bags etc. to automakers and dealers or directly to customers. Service Providers: Some of the services to the customers include servicing of vehicles, repairing parts, or financing of vehicles. Many dealers provide these services but, customers can also choose to go to independent service providers. Indian automotive companies †¢Chinkara Motors: Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1. 8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster †¢Hindustan Motors: Ambassador †¢ICML: Rhino Rx †¢Mahindra: Major, Xylo, Scorpio, Bolero, Thar, Verito, Genio †¢Premier Automobiles Limited: Sigma, RiO †¢San Motors: Storm Tata Motors: Nano, Indica, Indica Vista, Indigo, Indigo Manza, Indigo CS, Sumo, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria. Foreign automotive companies in India Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India †¢BMW India: 3 Series, 5 Series, X1. †¢Fiat India (in collaboration with Tata Motors): Grande Punto, Linea. †¢Ford India: Figo, Ikon, Fiesta, Endeavour. †¢General Motors India †¢Chevrolet: Spark, Beat, Aveo U-VA, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera. †¢Honda Siel: Jazz, City, Civic, Accord. †¢Hyundai Motor India:Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna Transform, Sonata Transform. †¢Land Rover:Freelander 2 †¢Maruti Suzuki: 800, Alto, WagonR, Estilo, A-star, Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Versa, Eeco, Gypsy. †¢Mercedes-Benz India: C-Class, E-Class. †¢Mitsubishi[80] (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors): Lancer, Lancer Cedia, Pajero †¢Nissan Motor India: Micra. †¢Renault India:Fluence †¢Toyota Kirloskar: Etios, Corolla, Innova. †¢Volkswagen Group Sales India: †¢Audi India: A4, A6, Q5. †¢Skoda Auto India: Fabia, Laura, Superb, Yeti. †¢Volkswagen India: Polo, Vento, Jetta, Passat. Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2011, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle owners. Vehicles brought into India as CBUs †¢Aston Martin: Vantage, Rapide, Virage, DB9, DBS, One-77. †¢Audi: A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, Q7, TT, R8, RS5. †¢Bentley: Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT, Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne. †¢BMW: 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X3, X5, X6, X6 M, M3, M5, M6 and Z4. †¢Bugatti: Veyron. †¢Chevrolet: Captiva. †¢Ferrari: California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF. †¢Fiat: 500, Bravo. †¢General Motors: Hummer H2, Hummer H3. †¢Honda: Civic Hybrid, CR-V. †¢Hyundai: Santa Fe. †¢Jaguar: XF, XJ, XK. †¢Koenigsegg: CCX, CCXR, Agera. †¢Lamborghini: Gallardo, Murcielago. †¢Land Rover: Discovery 4, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport. †¢Maserat: Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio. †¢Maybach: 57 and 62. †¢Mercedes-Benz: CL-Class, GL-Class, M-Class, R-Class, CLS-Class, S-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class, Viano, G-Class, SLS. †¢Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X. †¢Nissan: Teana, X-Trail, 370Z, GT-R. †¢Porsche: 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT. †¢Rolls Royce: Ghost, Phantom, Phantom Coupe, Phantom Drophead Coupe. †¢Skoda: Yeti, Superb. †¢Suzuki: Grand Vitara, Kizashi. †¢Toyota: Prius, Camry, Fortuner*, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado. †¢Volkswagen: Beetle, Tiguan, Touareg, Phaeton. †¢Volvo: S60, S80, XC60, XC90. *Toyota Fortuner is imported as a CKD kit from Toyota Motor Thailand Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India Indian brands †¢Force †¢Hindustan Motors †¢Premier †¢Tata †¢AMW †¢Eicher Motors Joint Venture Brands †¢VE Commercial Vehicles Limited – VE Commercial Vehicles limited – A JV between Volvo Groups & Eicher Motors Limited. †¢Ashok Leyland- originally a JV between Ashok Motors and Leyland Motors, now 51% owned by Hinduja Group †¢Mahindra Navistar – a 51:49 JV between Mahindra Group and Navistar International †¢Swaraj Mazda – originally a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53. 5% owned by Sumitomo Group †¢Kamaz Vectra – A JV between Russia’s KaMAZ and the Vectra Group Foreign brands †¢Volvo †¢Tatra. †¢MAN – as a JV with Force Motors, makes MAN Trucks in India †¢Mercedes-Benz sells luxury buses in India †¢Daimler AG – manufactures BharatBenz, a brand of trucks based on the Fuso and the Mercedes Benz truck platforms, which Daimler AG owns †¢Scania †¢Iveco †¢Hino †¢Isuzu †¢Piaggio †¢Caterpillar Inc. Electric car manufacturers in India †¢Ajanta Group †¢Mahindra †¢Hero Electric †¢REVA †¢Tara International †¢Tata Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2011, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle owners.. *Toyota Fortuner is imported as a CKD kit from Toyota Motor Thailand. Market Characteristics Market Size The Indian Automotive Industry after de-licensing in July 1991 has grown at a spectacular rate on an average of 17% for last few years. The industry has attained a turnover of USD 35. 8 billion, (INR 165,000 crores) and an investment of USD 10. 9 billion. The industry has provided direct and indirect employment to 13. 1 million people. Automobile industry is currently contributing about 5% of the total GDP of India. India’s current GDP is about USD 650 billion and is expected to grow to USD 1,390 billion by 2016. The projected size in 2016 of the Indian automotive industry varies between USD 122 billion and UDS 159 billion including USD 35 billion in exports. This translates into a contribution of 10% to 11% towards India’s GDP by 2016, which is more than double the current contribution. Demand Determinants Determinants of demand for this industry include vehicle prices (which are determined largely by wage, material and equipment costs) and exchange rates, preferences, the running cost of a vehicle (mainly determined by the price of petrol), income, interest rates, scrapping rates, and product innovation. Exchange Rate: Movement in the value of Rupee determines the attractiveness of Indian products overseas and the price of import for domestic consumption. Affordability: Movement in income and interest rates determine the affordability of new motor vehicles. Allowing unrestricted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) led to increase in competition in the domestic market hence, making better vehicles available at affordable prices. Product Innovation is an important determinant as it allows better models to be available each year and also encourages manufacturing of environmental friendly cars. Demographics: It is evident that high population of India has been one of the major reasons for large size of automobile industry in India. Factors that may be augment demand include rising population and an increasing proportion of young persons in the population that will be more inclined to use and replace cars. Also, increase in people with lesser dependency on traditional single family income structure is likely to add value to vehicle demand. Infrastructure: Longer-term determinants of demand include development in Indian’s infrastructure. India’s banking giant State Bank of India and Australia’s Macquarie Group has launched an infrastructure fund to rise up to USD 3 billion for infrastructure improvements. India needs about $500 billion to repair its infrastructure such as ports, roads, and power units. These investments are been made with an aim to generate long-term cash flow from automobile, power, and telecom industries. Price of Petrol: Movement in oil prices also have an impact on demand for large cars in India. During periods of high fuel cost as experienced in 2007 and first –half of 2008, demand for large cars declined in favour of smaller, more fuel efficient vehicles. The changing patterns in customer preferences for smaller more fuel efficient vehicles led to the launch of Tata Motor’s Nano – one of world’s smallest and cheapest cars. Key Competitors Tata Motors:Market Share: Commercial Vehicles 63. 94%, Passenger Vehicles 16. 45%. Tata Motors Limited is India’s largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of USD 14 billion in 2008-09. It is the leader in commercial vehicles and among the top three in passenger vehicles. Tata Motors has winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the world’s fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the world’s second largest bus manufacturer with over 24,000 employees. Since first rolled out in 1954, Tata Motors as has produced and sold over 4 million vehicles in India. Maruti Suzuki India: Market Share: Passenger Vehicles 46. 07% Maruti Suzuki India Limited, a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan, is India’s largest passenger car company, accounting for over 45% of the domestic car market. The company offers a complete range of cars from entry level Maruti-800 and Alto, to stylish hatchback Ritz, A star, Swift, Wagon-R, Estillo and sedans DZire, SX4 and Sports Utility vehicle Grand Vitara. Since inception in 1983, Maruti Suzuki India has produced and sold over 10 million vehicles in India and exported over 500,000 units to Europe and other countries. The company’s revenue for the fiscal 2010-2011 stood over Rs 375,224 million and Profits After Tax at over Rs. 22,886 million. Hyundai Motor India:Market Share: Passenger Vehicles 14. 15% Hyundai Motor India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of world’s fifth largest automobile company, Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea, and is the largest passenger car exporter. Hyundai Motor presently markets 49 variants of passenger cars across segments. These includes the Santro in the B segment, the i10, the premium hatchback i20 in the B+ segment, the Accent and the Verna in the C segment, the Sonata Transform in the E segment. Mahindra & Mahindra: Market Share: Commercial Vehicles 10. 01%, Passenger Vehicles 6. 50%, Three Wheelers 1. 31% Mahindra & Mahindra is mainly engaged in the Multi Utility Vehicle and Three Wheeler segments directly. The company competes in the Light Commercial Vehicle segment through its joint venture subsidiary Mahindra Navistar Automotives Limited and in the passenger car segment through another joint venture subsidiary Mahindra Renault. In the year 2009, on the domestic sales front, the Company along with its subsidiaries sold a total of 220,213 vehicles (including 44,533 three wheelers, 8,603 Light Commercial Vehicles through Mahindra Navistar Automotives and 13,423 cars through Mahindra Renault), recording a growth of 0. 6% over the previous year. Mahindra & Mahindra is expanding its footprint in the overseas market. In 2009 the Xylo was launched in South Africa. The company formed a new joint venture Mahindra Automotive Australia Pty. Limited, to focus on the Australian Market. Ashok Leyland: Market Share: Commercial Vehicles 16. 47% Against the backdrop of the sharp slump in demand for commercial vehicles, during 2008-09, Ashok Leyland registered sales of 47,118 medium and heavy commercial vehicles (M&HCV), 37. 5% less than in the previous year. This includes 16,049 M&HCV buses and 31,069 M&HCV trucks respectively, 8. 7% and 46. 3% less than in the previous year. Hero Honda Motors: Market Share: Two Wheelers 41. 35% Hero Honda has been the largest two wheeler company in the world for eight consecutive years. The company crossed the 15 million unit milestone over a 25 year span. Hero Honda sold more two wheelers than the second, third and fourth placed two-wheeler companies put together. Bajaj Auto: Market Share: Two Wheelers 26. 70%, Three Wheelers 58. 60% Bajaj Auto is ranked as the world’s fourth largest two and three wheeler manufacturer and the Bajaj brand is well-known across several countries in Latin America, Africa, Middle East, South and South East Asia. Despite falling demand in the motorcycle segment, the company has succeeded in maintaining an operating EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) margin of 13. 6% of net sales and other operating income. From 1. 66 million motorcycles in 2007-2008, the company’s domestic sales fell by 23% to 1. 28 million units in 2008-2009. Key Success Factors The key to success in the industry is to improve labour productivity, labour flexibility, and capital efficiency. Having quality manpower, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability also play a major role. Access to latest and most efficient technology and techniques will bring competitive advantage to the major players. Utilising manufacturing plants to optimum level and understanding implications from the government policies are the essentials in the Automotive Industry of India. Effective cost controls – Close relationship with supplies and goods distribution channels. Establishment of export markets – Growth of export markets Having an extensive distribution/collection network – Goods distribution channels Successful industrial relations policy – Ethical and tactical industrial relations Both, Industry and Indian Government are obligated to intervene the Indian Automotive industry. The Indian government should facilitate infrastructure creation, create favourable and predictable business environment, attract investment and promote research and development. The role of Industry will primarily be in designing and manufacturing products of world-class quality establishing cost competitiveness and improving productivity in labour and in capital. With a combined effort, the Indian Automotive industry will emerge as the destination of choice in the world for design and manufacturing of automobiles. Growth Potential: 1. Increasing demand for vehicles: Increase of disposal income ,easily availability of finance,invreasing consumer awareness and close linkage with global automobile trends. 2. Stable economic policies adopted by successive Governments: The Government of India has continuously made several reforms for the groeth of automobile sector in India. It has lowered the excise duties and have relaxed many policies to boost the local demand . Implemeentation of VAThas helped India to position itself as one of the leading low cost manufacturing sources . 3. Availability of low cost skilled manpower: The cost of quality manpower in India is one of the lowest in the world . Each year the huge number of engineering graduates are produced who provide their skill at comprising salaries . 4. Quality standards: Manufactured in India or â€Å"Made in India† brand is rapidly getting associated with quality. The Indian manufacturer have focussed on quality and most of the leading automobile manufacturer are ISO certified Key Challenges Faced by Indian Automobile Industry Indian auto industry is one of the most promising and growing auto industries across the world. But at this juncture the Indian auto industry is facing various challenges catering to the growing domestic market. Recently, SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers) organized an Annual Convention in association with the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises to discuss the current scenario of the auto industry as well as to define the key challenges faced by the industry. The meeting focused to pave a way to transform challenges into business opportunities and boost the status of automotive industry in India. Some of the key challenges discussed faced by auto industry are fuel technology and nurturing talented manpower. These challenges are explained below in detail: Fuel Technology: Technology is significant and needed to ignite the growth of auto industry. Whether it’s a two-wheeler or a car, technology drives the growth. The challenge of alternative fuel technology ensures a brighter vision of the auto industry in the country. The increasing environmental pollution has become a concern for manufacturers and all associated with the industry. All of them are struggling hard to come up with a holistic and integrated approach to reduce carbon dioxide emission. Some of the initiatives to reduce the level of automotive emission include introduction of fuel-efficient cars, obligatory periodic maintenance, and inspection of automotives, designing automotives with recyclable materials, use of alternative fuels like CNG, LPG, biodiesel, and introduction of electric and hybrid cars. Car manufacturer like Maruti Suzuki has already introduced the new concept of using recyclable substance for car production in its dazzling car Maruti Suzuki A-Star. After the production of Maruti Suzuki A-Star, the company thrives to apply the same concept in all its future car models. In addition, it is believed that the Bharat IV Emission Norms are stringent and are to become mandatory in the next couple of years. The growing industry is hunting for more advanced ways and measures to meet the stringent norms. Some of the cars and other automotives may even be phased out during that period. Nurturing Talented Manpower: Manpower and human resources has always been a key growth driver in any industry including the automobile industry. Though India has a vast pool of talented and skilled professionals, the country needs initiatives and support to treasure these resources to excel in all arenas of the industries. Automobile industry is no exception and highly skilled manpower will further become the most reliable source of competitive advantage across the global as well as Indian automobile industry. More than even before creativity, innovative ideas, and expertise in different areas have become an asset these days. Talking about cars, car designers infuse their creativity in their designed car models and that’s something which attracts car customers Further to that, the industry has to foster the talent for servicing and maintenance as well.

Genogram Paper

In the midst of memories within a person’s childhood, one cannot truly find out everything at a young age. Using a genogram however, allows me to figure out more about my family. Surprisingly, I found out so much about my roots that I never knew before. I also noticed a few health patterns and relationships I never knew where there. Nevertheless, I wanted to include my cousins but that would take more time and a few more paper. Let me take you on my journey in finding out what’s within my family. So I begin with my grandparents from both my mother and father’s side.My grandparents from my mother’s side both are in heaven. Interestingly enough they both passed on the 17th which is interesting; they were also a few years apart in age! I asked my mother if my grandparents had ancestors from places other than Dominican Republic; she stated my grandfather’s mother was Puerto Rican, and their parents migrated from Spain. Both of my grandparents had a lot of health issues. They both have had a history of asthma and problems breathing. My grandmother had more than one issue with her health. She had skin cancer and never attended to it.My grandmother was close with all of her nieces and nephews. I was really close with her and she was one of the people who inspired me with school. They eventually migrated to the United States but had all of their children in the Dominican Republic. My grandparents from my father’s side still live in the Dominican Republic. My grandfather was lucky enough to live as old as 93. He passed away due to old age. My grandmother is my only grandmother I have left and I wish I had more of a connection with her like I did with my mother’s grandmother. I feel it is due to the distance and not enough time spent together.In addition, my grandmother is 78 now and is almost 20 years apart from my grandfather. My grandparents in the Dominican Republic have lived longer that my grandparents from my mother ’s side. Both of my grandfather’s suffered from high blood pressure issues. There are few similarities I have noticed within the first and second generation in my family. For instance, everyone is Catholic. My brother is an Atheist, my sister now being baptized for Christianity, and me questioning the religions of the world. Another example is everyone being Dominican and being born and raised in that country.Majority of my aunts and uncles including my parents are married and still are married. Let’s move on to the second-generation portion of my genogram. My grandparents from my mother’s side had 11 kids. My grandparents from my father’s side had 6 children. My family, as I now realize, is really big. From my mother’s sisters, one of my aunts, I never got to meet because my grandmother lost her due to miscarriage. Amazingly enough, my other aunt named my cousin after her (Ivelisse). My mother is the youngest of the 11 children my grandmoth er had.My father is the middle child from his mother’s children; I feel this is why my father and I understand each other more compared to my mother. 7 of the 11 children from my mother’s siblings have the same genetics; by this I mean they all look alike in the face. One of my aunts passed away a few months ago in the summer due to asthma and other lung related problems. My other aunt, second youngest sibling from my mother’s side helped raised my siblings and I with her 5 children. 2 of the 11 siblings my mother has is having issues with asthma and high blood pressure; my mother is dealing with these health issues as well.My uncle, the oldest of the 11 siblings, along with my mother are the only ones with a college degree. Everyone else only completed high school and began working shortly after. From my father’s side, everyone but one of my Aunts was the only one to finish her college degree. Everyone else only completed high school. My father and her a re the only ones that moved to the United States. My father’s genetics are similar to all of his siblings; you can actually tell and would think they are six-tuplets by one look in the face. My father and my aunt with the college degree are the only ones married out of the 6.She was a nun before she went to school and I have an uncle from my father’s brothers who is a well-known priest in the Dominican Republic. The second-generation family from my father’s side is actually not as close and very distant from my siblings and I. I have one aunt that inspires the free spirit I have; we act exactly alike and look alike surprisingly. One of my aunts from my father’s sisters has been recently diagnosed with Breast cancer. She is now in chemotherapy and has only 24 months to live. It has taken a huge toll on my family.The expenses have become really tight, and I have noticed a frequent pattern when people in my family become ill. Since my parents make the most m oney from both sides, both families rely on them to provide most if not all the money for any expenses. Which brings me to my parents who have been marriage for 29 years. They had 3 beautiful children. I have a younger brother who is 20 and an older sister who is 25. I am 23, which makes us all 2-3 years apart from each other. I am the middle child and the one with the most motivation to continue school out of the 2 siblings I have.My sister and brother look alike and look just like my mother. I did notice however, I do have my mother’s smile. Out of the 3 my health issues are most related to my grandmother and mother who has had heart and problems with asthma. I am the only left-handed person in my whole family with the exception of my cousin from my mother’s side. My brother is considered to be the smartest child in my family, however, takes his time with school. My sister does not live with us because she married at the age of 19. She now lives in Tennessee and has a child named Mya who is four.I have a close relationship with Mya; I am basically fused with her and she makes my day. My mother also states that we look alike when I was little and she has the same high-pitched scream. My sister also has a longhaired Chihuahua who is 3 years old. My brother had a close but short relationship with my grandfather from my mother’s side. My sister is close with my father; but I feel it is only because she is the first born. My parents even though married for so long, have marital issues that are hostile. My mother has high expectations where my father has a relaxed idea of living life.My parents are also extremely strict; the rules they have had however, caused us 3 to rebel. My brother, my sister and I support each other a lot. I am the only one that I know is bi-sexual in my family. Similar to my grandmother, I had a miscarriage in the year 2009. The relationship my mother and I have is a love and hate thing; which leaves me closed to talk ab out my sexual history or sex in general. She did inspire me to work hard in everything I do and introduced me to psychology for my career. However, my brother and mother have a hostile relationship due to her expectation with school.My sister and I, along with my 4 cousins from my aunt (2nd oldest from my mother’s sisters), have a torn relationship with my uncle (3rd youngest from my mother’s siblings). My uncle used to live with my grandmother. He was my favorite uncle; I remember throwing a surprise birthday party for him because I knew he never celebrated. What I failed to realize at such a young age was that he sexually abused me along with my sister and female cousins. We all met for a sleepover at my house and reminisced about childhood memories and his name was brought up.I later than spoke with my mother about the situation and my mother completely ignored or was in denial that it occurred. She also stated that it was common for things like that to happen in th e Dominican Republic. This is when I knew she would never understand nor take my side because that was her brother. She still wanted me to say hi to him after everything he has done. This is where the family dynamic stands. It is not that I wanted her to take my side; however, as a daughter I wanted her protection regardless if he was related to us. Since my grandmother passed, my mother cut off her other brother completely and the family shifted.My mother does not speak to her sister who helped raised us do to her inconsistent motherly behavior. In my family, the pattern for parents was to work. For example, it breaks the stereotype that wives only stay home and take care of the house and children. There are a few things I have noticed. For one, the relationship between families have been somewhat slaughtered due to traumatic events. Another is that family members rely too much on each other, which then affects the newest members or the new generation to come. My mother has taken o n the role my grandmother had; causing her to have a lot of stress on top of the daily issues at home.Overall, the similarities and memories bring us together. My family is big and is growing more almost every year. Although there are issues, we manage to pull through somehow. With the 3rd generation, there are many differences due to the environment and the society we were associated with then and now in comparison to the 1st and 2nd generation. In addition there is a family secret about my grandparent’s from my mother’s side owning land somewhere. I’m willing to look into that more. Even though my family has so many issues, there is so much more exploring, much more establishing of relationships and new generations to be created.

Free Essays on William James

William James William James was born in New York City on January 11, 1842. His father was a rich man who spent his time entertaining the intellectuals of the time and discussing the religious mysticism of Swedenborg. This wonderful atmosphere for a bright young boy was thanks to his grandfather, an Irish immigrant with a knack for real estate investment! William was soon joined by a younger brother, Henry, who would grow up to be one of America’s premier novelists. All the James children were sent to European boarding schools and traveled through all the great capitals. At 19, after a stint as an art student, James enrolled at Harvard in chemistry, which he soon changed to medicine. He was not really interested in a career in medicine, but wanted to study the science that went with it. In 1865, he took advantage of a marvelous opportunity to travel the Amazon River basin with the great biologist Louis Agassiz, to collect samples of new species. While there, he began to suffer from a variety of health problems. In 1867, he went to study physiology in Germany, under Helmholtz and others. He befriended several notable early German psychologists, including Carl Stumpf. On the other hand, he had little respect for Herbert Spencer, Wilhelm Wundt, G. E. MÃ ¼ller, and others. In Germany, he began to suffer from serious depression, accompanied by thoughts of suicide. In addition, he had serious back pain, insomnia, and dyspepsia. In 1869, he came back to the US to finish up his MD degree, but continued to be plagued by depression. He had been reading a book by a French philosopher named Renouvier, which convinced him of the power of free will. He decided to apply this idea to his own problems, and seemed to improve. From 1871 through 1872, James was a part of "the Metaphysical Club," a group of Harvard grads who met in Boston to discuss the issues of the day. Included in the club were the philosopher Charles Peirce, Oliv... Free Essays on William James Free Essays on William James William James William James was born in New York City on January 11, 1842. His father was a rich man who spent his time entertaining the intellectuals of the time and discussing the religious mysticism of Swedenborg. This wonderful atmosphere for a bright young boy was thanks to his grandfather, an Irish immigrant with a knack for real estate investment! William was soon joined by a younger brother, Henry, who would grow up to be one of America’s premier novelists. All the James children were sent to European boarding schools and traveled through all the great capitals. At 19, after a stint as an art student, James enrolled at Harvard in chemistry, which he soon changed to medicine. He was not really interested in a career in medicine, but wanted to study the science that went with it. In 1865, he took advantage of a marvelous opportunity to travel the Amazon River basin with the great biologist Louis Agassiz, to collect samples of new species. While there, he began to suffer from a variety of health problems. In 1867, he went to study physiology in Germany, under Helmholtz and others. He befriended several notable early German psychologists, including Carl Stumpf. On the other hand, he had little respect for Herbert Spencer, Wilhelm Wundt, G. E. MÃ ¼ller, and others. In Germany, he began to suffer from serious depression, accompanied by thoughts of suicide. In addition, he had serious back pain, insomnia, and dyspepsia. In 1869, he came back to the US to finish up his MD degree, but continued to be plagued by depression. He had been reading a book by a French philosopher named Renouvier, which convinced him of the power of free will. He decided to apply this idea to his own problems, and seemed to improve. From 1871 through 1872, James was a part of "the Metaphysical Club," a group of Harvard grads who met in Boston to discuss the issues of the day. Included in the club were the philosopher Charles Peirce, Oliv...

The Victorian Period Was a Time of Change

The Victorian Period Was a Time of Change The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her political career). A great deal of change took place during this periodbrought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so its not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. As Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) wrote, The time for levity, insincerity, and idle babble and play-acting, in all kinds, is gone by; it is a serious, grave time. Of course, in the literature from this period, we see a duality, or double standard, between the concerns of the individual (the exploitation and corruption both at home and abroad) and national success - in what is often referred to as the Victorian Compromise. In reference to Tennyson, Browning, and Arnold, E. D. H. Johnson argues: Their writings... locate the centers of authority not in the existing social order but within the resources of individual being. Against the backdrop of technological, political, and socioeconomic change, the Victorian Period was bound to be a volatile time, even without the added complications of the religious and institutional challenges brought by Charles Darwin and other thinkers, writers, and doers. Consider this quote from Victorian author Oscar Wilde in his preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray as an example of one of the central conflicts of the literature of his era. All art is at once surface and symbol. Those who go beneath the surface do so at their own peril. Those who read the symbol do so at their own peril. Victorian Period: Early Late The Period is often divided into two parts: the early Victorian Period (ending around 1870) and the late Victorian Period. Writers associated with the early period are: Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892), Robert Browning (1812–1889), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861), Emily Bronte (1818–1848), Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882), Christina Rossetti (1830–1894), George Eliot (1819–1880), Anthony Trollope (1815–1882) and Charles Dickens (1812–1870). Writers associated with the late Victorian Period include George Meredith (1828–1909), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–1889), Oscar Wilde (1856–1900), Thomas Hardy (1840–1928), Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), A.E. Housman (1859–1936), and Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894). While Tennyson and Browning represented pillars in Victorian poetry, Dickens and Eliot contributed to the development of the English novel. Perhaps the most quintessentially Victorian poetic works of the period are: Tennysons In Memorium (1850), which mourns the loss of his friend. Henry James describes Eliots Middlemarch (1872) as organized, molded, balanced composition, gratifying the reader with the sense of design and construction. It was a time of change, a time of great upheaval, but also a time of GREAT literature!

Nagel's bat argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nagel's bat argument - Essay Example This shortcoming in Nagel’s argument comes as a result of a conceptual error regarding the nature of a mind-independent, or objective, phenomenon. The nature of phenomenal experience can be illustrated with a thought experiment. A scientist can apply artificial impulses to a subject’s cerebrum through electrodes, causing the subject to react in predicable ways: moving his arm, yelling loudly, and so on. These artificial inputs mirror exactly the natural functioning of the brain. Imagine then if the scientist simulates pain, evoking the appropriate physiological responses, but hears no reports of pain from the subject. For pain to exist, we might conclude, there is a necessary condition that there be first ­-hand, phenomenal experience of such. Even though the physiological responses to pain appear, there is still the lack of subjectivity, which proves necessary for the ontic existence of pain. Nagel uses the term â€Å"subjective character of experience† to denote the thought that a point-of-view is essentially a set the sum of a thing’s subjective phenomena. The notion of the subjective character of experience suggests, according to Nagel, that some kinds of facts, namely the means by which mental states arise from physical ones, are outside of the realm of human experience and thus unknowable. A bat, for instance, perceives its environment entirely different from how a human being would and given that there is something that the bat subjectively experiences there seems to be some ontological closure for the human mind to some facts. The bat forms a particularly effective tool for Nagel to illustrate his claim insofar as that species employs a sensory device of sonar, which is a radically different from man’s means of perception. While any conscious animal would do, the bat’s sensory tools are clearly different in every respect of its operation from sight or any of the other human senses. While clearly conscious, the bat has its own very

Samedaymay30Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2KDw8 Essay

Samedaymay30Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2KDw8 - Essay Example I also agree with your premise that accounting information is extremely important when making investment decisions such as when to buy or sell a common stock. One of the accounting techniques that can be used to evaluate common stocks is ratio analysis (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). You are also correct that financial projections are very useful when evaluating a company. The two companies you choose to discuss are great examples of companies in the food industry that have been very successful both domestically and internationally. Both these companies have outstanding brand value. Baskin Robins sells some of the most delicious ice cream in the world. Brand value helps companies increase its income over time (Kotler, 2003). Your response made me learn about the importance of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act. These laws are mechanisms that ensure companies that are bigger do not abuse their power with monopolistic activities. A few years ago the software giant Microsoft was accused of being a monopoly. I also agree with your comment that outsourcing has become more important in the business environment of the 21st century. There has been a tremendous growth in the outsourcing of technology. In Australia the technology outsourcing market reached $7.2 billion in 2011 (Smith,

Lower division capstone ip3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lower division capstone ip3 - Essay Example Following is how I start. Before we start, I would postulate that I could expect to achieve a face-to-face interview at three prominent organizations that I know and that I also know in particular as attractive and potential employers. On my list Wal-Mart is the first one. Undoubtedly this is an organization that is well known to me and comfy talking about as far as marketing is related. Continued expansion and success are attributes that make this particular firm so attracting for the job. A workable opportunity in the marketing department should be permissible as praiseworthy. The most significant of it is to categorize whether the asked opportunity is a low hanging fruit, single, or a good home run. Moreover, the most crucial thing is to assess every opportunity of marketing and after that come to an communicated decision that will mostly likely to be based on my past experiences and market research to finalize the best one out of those ideas. Foreseeing the selected idea will result positively or negatively on the organization and also deciding the importance of the opportunity would be for a financial improvement or not. My suggestion for business giant like Wal-Mart is to go for the implementation of cell phone contract with the reliable network of the country, but with Wal-Mart acting the go between to help will ease up the process for the customers as possible. It would be quite an easy objective for Wal-Mart to master; if I would have to categorize it, I will set it in the easily achievable category or the fruit hanging low in the customer domain. However, this objective will give boost to the company to compete with the other national cellular service providers who would also want to take advantage for providing this service. Second one my valuable companies would be Blockbuster. My suggestion for this company would be to upgrade in the digital area. If they are able to upgrade themselves in the field of technology and have more

INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMWORK - Essay Example The team also exhibits features of positive interdependence and promote of interaction when applying my emotional intelligence. This interdependence points to the imperative role of my emotional intelligence in ascertaining the effectiveness and functionality of the team, as well as the quality of the project outcome underway (Luca and Tarricone, n.d.). Members of the team get better advice on ways to enact approaches that help with collaboration when working under the influence of my emotional intelligence (McCallin and Bamford, 2007). Lastly, members of the team undergo processes more comprehensive for learning through project collaboration and experience when working under the influence of my emotional intelligence (Druskat et al., 2013). As a result, it would be beneficial for the team when I use my emotional intelligence to assign duties or set up a cooperative setting for completing a given project. Nathaniel Faatoafe is right about the importance of considering personality differences within a team. Personalities determine emotions, which in turn influence the input offered by each team member, and the project’s future. Marvin Lopez reply about the realizing a team’s strong points and weaknesses bent on individuality differences amongst its members is convincing. I think Lopez offers a compelling view of informing tea member’s about one’s potential to assist in the advancement of the team through emotional intelligence. Braquel Jackson is so categorical about the role of emotional intelligence in teamwork that he outlines its relationships with trust and personality differences. I think such a response offers an objective point of communication in a team. Cassandra Burton’s response is unique in the sense that she offers a personal account of the important role of emotional intelligence in a team. Burton sheds

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Operations Management - Essay Example One of the major reasons for effective management of sustainability in relation to Jaguar’s Land Rover is the incorporation of the sustainability governance structure. The structure is essential in illustrating the strategic management and practices in relation to how the organisation executes its business activities. The framework and structure has been proficient in enabling effective and efficient cross-functional engagement, thus the perfect platform for the organisation to maximise or optimise the value from the finance team. In the process of managing its activities, JLR focuses on ensuring that the policy relates to the corporate decision-making practices and processes through inclusion of sustainable development within the corporate business plan, thus elevation of the status of the policy to the similar level in comparison to other critical imperatives (Harper & Wells, 2012). From this perspective, it is remarkable that all business functions tend to incorporate a set of sustainability targets. In the case of JLR, finance professionals are critical to business planning practices and process, thus the tendency of guiding target setting process and the measurement and performance reporting activities, which might be ideal in facilitating progress. The governance structure has the ability to facilitate the occurrence of all business functions, thus the delivery of the JLR’s long-term sustainability vision, in addition to medium and long-term action plans, thus effectiveness and efficiency in understanding goals and targets (Harper & Wells, 2012). JLR’s sustainability approach or strategy focuses on the transformation of products and business operations under the influence of environmental innovation. In addition, the organisation considers increased investment in the human resources or people while advancing and encouraging the knowledge and support for the communities in the global context. From this perspective, the organisation

INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMWORK - Essay Example The team also exhibits features of positive interdependence and promote of interaction when applying my emotional intelligence. This interdependence points to the imperative role of my emotional intelligence in ascertaining the effectiveness and functionality of the team, as well as the quality of the project outcome underway (Luca and Tarricone, n.d.). Members of the team get better advice on ways to enact approaches that help with collaboration when working under the influence of my emotional intelligence (McCallin and Bamford, 2007). Lastly, members of the team undergo processes more comprehensive for learning through project collaboration and experience when working under the influence of my emotional intelligence (Druskat et al., 2013). As a result, it would be beneficial for the team when I use my emotional intelligence to assign duties or set up a cooperative setting for completing a given project. Nathaniel Faatoafe is right about the importance of considering personality differences within a team. Personalities determine emotions, which in turn influence the input offered by each team member, and the project’s future. Marvin Lopez reply about the realizing a team’s strong points and weaknesses bent on individuality differences amongst its members is convincing. I think Lopez offers a compelling view of informing tea member’s about one’s potential to assist in the advancement of the team through emotional intelligence. Braquel Jackson is so categorical about the role of emotional intelligence in teamwork that he outlines its relationships with trust and personality differences. I think such a response offers an objective point of communication in a team. Cassandra Burton’s response is unique in the sense that she offers a personal account of the important role of emotional intelligence in a team. Burton sheds

Biological Versus Non Biological Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Biological Versus Non Biological Parents - Essay Example Miserably, sometimes when a lesbian-parent household falls apart same as normal parents, the biological parent uses the homophobic lawful system to her benefit, denying visitation to the non-biological parent. A case at present in progress in New York is investigating protection procedures that at present support the biological mother. The non-biological mother has been approved temporary visitation for four hours every week until the court makes its concluding decision. Until this provisional agreement was approved just lately, the non-biological mom had not seen her children since November 2005. According to Monroe Mann from ABC News, the lawyer for the biological mother was referenced as saying, "The law in New York is very obvious. Simply a parent can get visitation. A parent is explained as either the biological or adoptive parent and [her ex-partner] is even not." Obviously, biological parents are being better then of non-biological parents, but all courts should have to be familiar with the significance of family unity, and regularly have to consider a biological father's privileges next to a child's right to have the family the child has at all times identified. The courts have routinely held that biology is not the one and only decisive factor of paternity. This is an unexpected pace that the majority of men would not take in spite of the amount of care they are offering to their kids. The court will encounter the issues regarding who has held themselves out to be the father of the child, provided support for the infant and been vigorous in the child's living. While there have been a number of victories for non-biological parents, principles differ from state to state. Last spring in 2005, for instance, the New Jersey Supreme Court settled supervision rights to a non-biological mother, stating her "psychological" parent. This occurred, though, only after a long-lasting lawful procedure. Many activists have worked to demonstrate broader society that even if laws do not value families, they will. Honoring this commitment is put to the eventual analysis when same-sex parents disintegrate. These activists give reason for the want for a document in opening that give details: "It is enormously damaging to our society and our families when we disclaim as unimportant the very relationships for which we are looking for lawful and communal admiration." Planning a guardianship agreement in the happening of a disintegration is about as fun as writing a will. But alike to having a will, such a text offers calmness. The judgments, made at a time when feelings and commonsensical are unbroken, will be conclusions based on the unsurpassed interest of the children, even if the improbable happens. Professional Problem, Concerns And Legal Rights For Non-Biological Parents According to common perceptive, adoption is the officially permitted way for non-biological parents to suppose a parent-child relationship with a child. Adoption frequently ends the

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity Essay The list comprised in this article is unfortunately true and eye opening. Many white people are unaware of the natural advantages that are written here. They take it for granted thinking everyone else is also entitled to these rights. Since I am not white, I can clearly see that these are privileges given to whites only. I can even say that I have never experience some of the things written in McIntosh’s list. I disagree with many of these terms. The item on her list that I feel most strongly about is: 10. Whether I use checks, credit cards or cash, I can count on my skin color not to work against the appearance of my financial reliability. People should not relate other’s financial situation based on their skin color. That is very wrong. It has been engraved into people’s minds that all black people are on welfare or food stamps because they don’t work. But that is not true. Just because someone is black does not mean that they are poor and unable to support themselves. If you are judged for walking into a high end store just because of your skin color, that is very unfair. Race and ethnicity does not have anything to do with someone’s financial reliability. Another that I think is unfair is: 12. I can swear, or dress in second hand clothes, or not answer letters, without having people attribute these choices to the bad morals, the poverty, or the illiteracy of my race. For the same reason as the previous one, race should not be a factor in the judgment of others. McIntosh sees these are privileges for white only when in fact; it should not be a privilege. Anything written on this list should be given to everyone, regardless of the race. I definitely agree with McIntosh that: whites are taught to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal, so that when we work to benefit others, this is seen as work which will allow â€Å"themâ€Å" to be more like â€Å"us.† The idea of white privilege relates to the themes of white power because it is giving whites an overall advantage in life. White privilege also relates to the themes of white supremacy because it makes them more powerful. Privilege is being of a favored state by birth or luck. If the things stated McIntosh is called privilege, then it is extremely misleading. The idea of white privilege makes them feel confident, comfortable, and oblivious; on the other hand, other groups were likely being made unconfident, uncomfortable, and alienated. White power and white supremacy is all about making white people the most powerful and advantageous, white privilege also supports that.

Effects of Low Health Literacy

Effects of Low Health Literacy Imogen Parker This assignment will discuss health literacy, its various influences and the effect of low health literacy levels on individuals and communities. The various methods and strategies that have been devised to alleviate low health literacy will also be examined. Since the World Health Organisation’s Alma Ata Declaration (WHO 1978), primary health care strategies and methods of effective communication have been established to promote health and improve health literacy. This essay will draw on examples of primary health care strategies employed in Australian communities and various methods for improving health literacy that can be actioned by health professionals and the wider health system. The concept of health literacy can be defined as the capacity of individuals to understand, access and apply health related information and services to maintain physical, mental and social wellbeing (WHO, 2009). Health literacy is essential in allowing individuals the ability to comprehend their own wellness or illness, make informed health decisions and seek appropriate and timely care through this comprehension. In 2012, 59% of Australians aged 15-74 years had inadequate levels of health literacy (AIWH 2012). Individuals’ health can be negatively affected in numerous ways and to different degrees by low health literacy levels. For example, individuals with poor literacy comprehension may be unable to complete personal detail or consent forms that are necessary for consultation or treatment by health care professionals. This may lead to the individual abandoning their attempt to access health care due to the embarrassment surrounding poor literacy skills, or for fear of being met with unhelpful condescension by health care professionals. Additionally, individuals with low literacy may be unable to comprehend essential information in mediums such as pamphlets, prescriptions or medication instructions. This lack of comprehension could have dire consequences for the individual; they may choose to take no medication, or incorrectly administer their medication which could result in harmful side effects. These consequences indicate a failure on the part of the health system or the health care provider, as they have either failed to clarify understanding during consultation with patients or have communicated or presented information in a way that is inaccessible for individuals with low literacy levels. Health literacy not only concerns individual health behaviour and lifestyle decisions, but requires an understanding of the wider societal influences on health. Social determinants of health such as income and employment, education and social exclusion (among a myriad of other factors) can affect an individual’s capacity to be health literate and health literacy itself is one of these determinants. (WHO 2009) Lower socioeconomic status has been historically attributed to lower literacy levels, which in turn affects the ability to be health literate. The social gradient is a prominent determinant of health; the lower the individual sits on the social class ladder often correlates with poorer health outcomes. (WHO 2003) It is evident that social, educational and economic inequalities contribute to the commodification of health care; something that the privileged can access and the disadvantaged may struggle to access and utilise. The effect of low health literacy in conjunction with socio-economic background can be observed through examining health status among the population of Australia. Chronic illnesses with high prevalence such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and cancer can be influenced by risk factors such as obesity and tobacco smoking. (Department of Health 2012) Such risk factors can be inextricably linked to the aforementioned illnesses and may also indic ate the socio-economic status and health literacy level of the individuals who are affected. For example, an individual who was unemployed or had little income may be more likely to consume processed food as it is dramatically less expensive and less labour intensive to prepare than fresh, more nutritious ingredients. Inexpensive, processed food is often high in fat and low in nutrition, but can be purchased inexpensively and often in large quantities; making it an economical option. However affordable, regular consumption of these products can lead to individuals becoming over weight and potentially obese, which in turn can lead to subsequent conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is evident that societal and economic structures can influence health status profoundly and present barriers to good health that are fundamentally difficult for individuals to overcome (WHO 2003). The role of the healthcare system, health professionals and greater society must be examined and modified if health literacy is to be ameliorated. â€Å"If achieving health literacy is to be a goal, some rediscovery of the importance of health education needs to occur, together with a significant widening of the content and methods used† (Nutbeam 2006). The Primary Health Care approach aims to minimize health inequality between social classes and encourage good health for everyone. Primary health care ‘reflects and evolves from the economic conditions and sociocultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities’ (WHO 1978). Accordingly, health care providers must facilitate patients’ understanding and ability to self-manage their health by presenting health information that is accessible for individuals of all literacy levels. In direct communication with patients or clients, health professionals can employ the teach-back method to ensure comprehension by the patient. This provides an opportunity for questions to be asked and clarification to be achieved, thus promoting health literacy (Egbert Nanna 2009). The application of primary health care has been demonstrated as essential in addressing low health literacy and poor health status in Indigenous communities throughout Australia. One stra tegy for improving health literacy from a young age is the Family Planning Association of Western Australia (FPWA) Mooditj program: a community based sexual health education program for Indigenous youth in remote and rural areas. The program aims to educate individuals in early adolescence on sexual health and related issues. Mooditj uses informal discussion techniques to encourage participation and openness, and culturally relevant art and role playing activities to address sensitive topics concerning sexual and emotional health. The cultural and social relevance of the program was determined effectively through recognition of the various social determinants and cultural influences occurring throughout the community it served. The development involved extensive consultation with members of the community, parents and Aboriginal Elders regarding relevant health issues, effective methods of information delivery and ensuring that local language and customs were incorporated. Indigenous community members can be trained to deliver the Mooditj course and the sharing of information and experience between Mooditj facilitators and participants is encouraged in order to strengthen the integrity and scope of the program. The Pika Wiya Health Service in Port Augusta, SA provides the chronic disease self-management course, Life Improvements for Everyone (LIFE) to improve health literacy and health status in Indigenous communities. The LIFE program is peer-led and community focused, aiming to bridge health inequalities between the indigenous population and the wider Australian population. The program utilises individual care plans for clients with chronic illnesses (such as diabetes and heart disease) that are culturally appropriate and specific to their personal capabilities, health circumstances and goals. Both Mooditj and LIFE are consistent with the primary health care approach as the programs have been tailored to suit the health needs of the community with respect for culture and social circumstances. Furthermore, such programs can facilitate increased community capacity and engagement in health education, contributing to improving levels of health literacy. The essence of successful health education programs is empowerment; where individuals have greater control and confidence in their ability to manage their own health. Health education that is accessible to all literacy levels, is culturally reflective and developed with consideration of the social determinants of health has great potential to reduce the prevalence of preventable chronic illnesses in both the Indigenous community and the wider Australian population. Efforts to improve health literacy and encourage a healthy population must be holistic in nature and motivated by empowerment and equality across all areas of society. Effective promotion of health literacy among the individuals and communities which the health profession serves will need to reflect on the social determinants of health and how they are interconnected with health literacy and health status. References Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation 2007, Success Stories in Indigenous Health, pp.28-29, September 2007, viewed 1/4/15. https://antar.org.au/sites/default/files/successstories.pdf> Australian Government Department of Health 2011, Discussion of the four key health issues, National Women’s Health Policy, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/womens-health-policy-toc~womens-health-policy-key~womens-health-policy-key-literacy> Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012, Australia’s Health 2012, Australias health no. 13., Canberra, 2012, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737422172> Department of Health and Families 2009, Revision of the Preventable Chronic disease strategy, Background Paper: Preventable Chronic diseases in Aboriginal Populations, Northern Territory, April 2009, viewed 1/4/15. http://health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/47/68.pdf> Egbert, N., Nanna, K. 2009, ‘Health Literacy: Challenges and Strategies’, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol. 14, no.3. Family Planning Association of Western Australia2004, The Mooditj manual: a sexual health and life skills program for Aboriginal youth, FPWA, Northbridge, W.A. Nutbeam, D. 2006, ‘Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century’, Health Promotion International, vol. 15, no.3, pp.259-267. Sexual and Reproductive Health, WA 2015, Mooditj Leader Training, viewed 1/4/15.  http://www.srhwa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Mooditj-Leader-Training-2015.pdf> Strobel, NA., Ward, J. 2012, Education programs for Indigenous Australians about sexually transmitted infections and bloodborne viruses, Resource sheet no. 12 for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. World Health Organisation 1978, Declaration of Alma Ata, International Conference on Primary Health Care,Alma-Ata, USSR,12th of September 1978. World Health Organisation 2003, The Solid Facts, Social Determinants of Health, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf> World Health Organisation 2009, Track 2: Health literacy and health behaviour, viewed 1/4/15.  http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track2/en/>

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf Essay e

Social Codes in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the idea of a man's worth being measured by his weapons.    First, the theme of choosing to use, or not to use, weapons against an adversary seems to be a major issue in the work. On three different occasions, when Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon, the choice of whether or not to use weapons against a foe is brought to the reader's attention. In the events leading up to the fight with Grendel, Beowulf says:    The monster in his recklessness cares not for weapons. Therefore, so that my liege lord Hygelac may be glad of me in his heart, I scorn to bear sword   but with my grasp I shall grapple with the enemy ... foe against foe. I claim myself no poorer in war-strength ... than Grendel claims himself. Therefore I will not put him to sleep with a sword . . . though surely I might. (32, 35)    Beowulf knows he is evenly matched with Grendel, and that using a sword would make it an unfair contest because he would surely defeat Grendel. By making the fight fair, Beowulf maintains his honor, which is the main idea of each of the other confrontations as well.    In Beowulf's fight with Grendel's mother, he engages her with Hrunting, Unferth's sword, since she attacks him with a knife. When Beowulf decides to fight the dragon, he comments: "I... ...est represented by the passage in which Wiglaf, thane of Beowulf, makes the bold statement: "It does not seem right to me for us to bear our shields home again unless we can first fell the foe, defend the life of the prince of the Weather-Geats" (61).    All three of the ideas involving arms are recurring images throughout Beowulf: the choice to use or refrain from using arms, disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the worth of a man being measured by his weapons,. They all deal with various layers of respect, obviously a very important issue to the person of the early Middle Ages and afford the reader an opportunity to understand an aspect of the medieval mind.    Works Cited Beowulf. Trans. E. T. Donaldson, 1966. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M.H. Abrams. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1993. 2768.    An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf Essay e Social Codes in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the idea of a man's worth being measured by his weapons.    First, the theme of choosing to use, or not to use, weapons against an adversary seems to be a major issue in the work. On three different occasions, when Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon, the choice of whether or not to use weapons against a foe is brought to the reader's attention. In the events leading up to the fight with Grendel, Beowulf says:    The monster in his recklessness cares not for weapons. Therefore, so that my liege lord Hygelac may be glad of me in his heart, I scorn to bear sword   but with my grasp I shall grapple with the enemy ... foe against foe. I claim myself no poorer in war-strength ... than Grendel claims himself. Therefore I will not put him to sleep with a sword . . . though surely I might. (32, 35)    Beowulf knows he is evenly matched with Grendel, and that using a sword would make it an unfair contest because he would surely defeat Grendel. By making the fight fair, Beowulf maintains his honor, which is the main idea of each of the other confrontations as well.    In Beowulf's fight with Grendel's mother, he engages her with Hrunting, Unferth's sword, since she attacks him with a knife. When Beowulf decides to fight the dragon, he comments: "I... ...est represented by the passage in which Wiglaf, thane of Beowulf, makes the bold statement: "It does not seem right to me for us to bear our shields home again unless we can first fell the foe, defend the life of the prince of the Weather-Geats" (61).    All three of the ideas involving arms are recurring images throughout Beowulf: the choice to use or refrain from using arms, disarming oneself upon entering another's home, and the worth of a man being measured by his weapons,. They all deal with various layers of respect, obviously a very important issue to the person of the early Middle Ages and afford the reader an opportunity to understand an aspect of the medieval mind.    Works Cited Beowulf. Trans. E. T. Donaldson, 1966. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M.H. Abrams. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1993. 2768.   

Organizing, Researching, and Illustrating your Materials Essay

1. Last month, four clients complained the Roanoke Branch due to low quality of work produced. 2. Three months ago, Roanoke Branch’s Art Director and Account Executive left the agency. Also, three graphic designers and four copywriters wanted to quit due to internal problems. 3. The branch accepts new clients without any form of evaluation that may affect new accounts of the workload that the branch produces. 4. The administrative group is being insensitive to the needs of its employees in terms of their benefits and good performance. The branch became focus on the internal problem of the company that manifest within their production of work. Facts and Causes: The administrative group us being insensitive to the needs of its employees in terms of their benefits and good performance. †¢ As what Mr. Forest said in his elaboration of the internal problem of the branch, some of the employees (especially those who are the branch’s best producers) left the company. †¢ Based on the surveys that were conducted, the employees were not given good benefits and opportunities once they have good performance. †¢ The most important thing in the company is profit and not on how to manage both employees and clients. Impact and Effects: Because of the company’s insensitivity to the needs of its employees, the quality of the production declined from 89% to 63% quarterly. It was seen in the survey that the employees could not have their good performances due to internal problem of the company that caused them trouble in both professional and financial problems. In terms of professional problems the case increases to 78% this year from 43% last year. When it comes to financial problems, the annual production went down to $167,000 in 2006 from $256,000 in 2005. Because of this, both professional and financial stability are having trouble due to employee and client production and communication. Solutions: 1. The administration must conduct a new philosophy when it comes to their employees’ needs and benefits because the company lives because of the employees who produce the works. 2. There must be a quarterly reviews and inspections in order to discuss the situation and problems of the company so that it could solve the problem immediately. 3. The administration should also provide any liable agreements and justifications to any form of action that they wanted to do especially if it could affect their employees to avoid circumstances and misunderstandings between them and their employees. Illustration The probable illustration that can be use in this research is table in order to compare and contrast the difference of production and cost of production from the recent years to the present year along with the employees’ performance and circulation. Work Cited Robert G. Turner. Organizing, Researching, and Illustrating your Material.